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The US and France have accused Russia of failing to comply with the terms of its ceasefire with Georgia by creating buffer zones and checkpoints.
Russia announced the full withdrawal of combat forces from Georgia proper on Friday but insisted hundreds of other troops could stay under the ceasefire.
France brokered the ceasefire to end fighting over Georgia's pro-Russian breakaway province of South Ossetia.
Its terms are vague about the extent of any buffer zones, analysts say.
A White House spokesman, Gordon Johndroe, said the checkpoints and buffer zones set up by Russia were not part of the ceasefire agreement.
A spokesman for the French foreign ministry, Eric Chevalier, said a United Nations Security Council resolution was needed to clarify exactly what the ceasefire agreement covers.
The Russian military say they intend to maintain a peacekeeping presence in Georgia, controlling buffer zones around both South Ossetia and the other breakaway province, Abkhazia.
The zones include sections of the main highway from the capital Tbilisi to the Black Sea as well as Georgia's main airbase at Senaki.
'Clearly stated'
US President George W Bush and his French counterpart Nicolas Sarkozy agreed in a telephone conversation on Friday that Russia was "not in compliance [with the ceasefire] and that Russia needs to come into compliance now", Mr Johndroe said.
"Compliance means compliance with that plan," he added.
"We haven't seen that yet. It's my understanding that they have not completely withdrawn from areas considered undisputed territory, and they need to do that."
"Establishing checkpoints, buffer zones, are definitely not part of the agreement," US state department spokesman Robert Wood added.
The French spokesman told the BBC that the ceasefire had stipulated that Russia's forces "should go back to the situation before the hostilities started".
"The idea is that, yes, for a temporary period some Russian peace forces could stay on... next to the [border] line of Ossetia but it's temporary, it should be for patrolling and it should be until we have an international mechanism," Mr Chevalier said.
"It was clearly stated that this presence first has to be through patrolling, no fixed presence and, second, should not have an effect on the freedom of movement on roads and trains in this place."
The UN Security Council split this week over a resolution, with rival drafts submitted by Moscow, and the US and its allies.
BBC diplomatic correspondent Jonathan Marcus says Western diplomats fear that Moscow is determined to define the parameters of the interim security arrangements on its own terms.
Part of the problem, he adds, is the extraordinary vagueness of the EU-brokered ceasefire deal, which speaks only of "additional security measures" in "the immediate proximity of South Ossetia" - proximity being defined as a distance of "several kilometres".
'Zone of responsibility'
Moscow intends to maintain a peacekeeping presence of 2,500 troops in the buffer zones for the foreseeable future, backed by armoured cars and helicopters.
Russia's so-called "zone of responsibility" also includes Georgia's main airbase at Senaki, some 40km (25 miles) from the boundary with Abkhazia, which sits astride vital road and rail links to the Black Sea port of Poti.
BBC correspondents on the ground say they have seen what appears to be a significant Russian troop movement out of Georgia.
The BBC's Gabriel Gatehouse in Igoeti - just 35km (21 miles) from the capital, Tbilisi - says he saw Russian troops leave the town, joining a column of hundreds of armoured vehicles on the road towards South Ossetia.
Our correspondent says buses of Georgian police are arriving in Igoeti to take control after Russian troops removed their roadblocks and pulled out.
But another correspondent in the nearby town of Korvaleti says Georgian police vehicles there are still being blocked at checkpoints.
Russia's four-day war with Georgia began after Tbilisi tried to retake South Ossetia - which broke away in 1992 - in a surprise offensive on 7 August.
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(BBC)
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